IIFT2019 Related Question Answers
1.
Read passage carefully. Answer the questions by selecting the most appropriate option (with reference to the passage).
PASSAGE 1We use the word culture quite casually when referring to a variety of thoughts and actions. I would like to begin my attempt to define cultures by a focus on three of its dictionary meanings that I think are significant to our understanding of the general term-culture. We often forget that it's more essential usage is as a verb rather than as a noun, since the noun follows froth the activities involved in the verb. Thus the verb, to culture, means to cultivate. This can include at least three activities: to artificially grow microscopic organisms; to improve and refine the customs, manners and activities of one's life; to give attention to the mind as part of what goes into the making of what we call civilization, or what was thought to be the highest culture. In short, one might argue that culture is the intervention of human effort in refining and redefining that which is natural, but that it gradually takes on other dimensions in the life of the individual, and even more in the interface between the individual and society. When speaking of society, this word also requires defining. Society, it has been said, is what emerges from a network of interactions between people that follow certain agreed upon and perceptible patterns. These arc determined by ideas of status, hierarchy and a sense of community governing the network. They are often, but not invariably, given a direction by those who control the essentials in how a society functions, as for instance, its economic resources, its technology and its value systems. The explanation and justification for who controls these aspects of a society introduces the question of its ideology and often its form. The resulting patterns that can be differentiated from segment to segment of the society are frequently called its cultures. Most early societies register inequalities, The access of their members to wealth and status varies. The idea of equality therefore has many dimensions. All men and women may be said to be equal in the eyes of god, but may at the same time be extremely differentiated in terms of income and social standing, and therefore differentiated in the eyes of men and women. This would not apply to the entire society. There may be times when societies conform to a greater degree of equality, but such times may be temporary. It has been argued that on a pilgrimage, the status of every pilgrim is relatively similar but at the end returns to inequalities. Societies are not static and change their forms and their rules of functioning. Cultures are reflections of these social patterns, so they also change. My attempt in this introduction is to explain how the meaning of a concept such as culture has changed in recent times and has come to include many more facets than it did earlier. What we understand as the markers of culture have gone way beyond what we took them to be a century or two ago. Apart from items of culture, which is the way in which culture as heritage was popularly viewed, there is also the question of the institutions and social codes that determine the pattern of living, and upon which pattern a culture is constructed. Finally, there is the process of socialization into society and culture through education. There is a historical dimension to each of these as culture and history are deeply intertwined. There is also an implicit dialogue between the present and the past reflected in the way in which the readings of the past changed over historical periods. Every. society has its cultures, namely, the patterns of how the people of that society live. In varying degrees this would refer to broad categories that shape life, such as the environment that determines the relationship with the natural world, technology that enables a control over the natural world, political-economy that organizes the larger vision of a society as a community or even as a state, structures of social relations that ensure its networks of functioning, religion that appeals to aspirations and belief, mythology that may get transmuted into literature and philosophy that teases the mind and the imagination with questions. The process of growth is never static therefore there are mutations and changes within the society. There is communication and interaction with other societies through which cultures evolve and mutate. There is also the emergence of subcultures that sometimes take the form of independent and dominant cultures or amoeba-like breakaway to form new cultures. Although cultures coincide with history and historical change, the consciousness of a category such as culture, in the emphatic sense in which the term is popularly used these days, emerges in the eighteenth century in Europe. The ideal was the culture of elite groups, therefore sometimes a distinction is made between what carne to be called 'high culture' that of the elite, and low culture' that of those regarded as not being of the elite, and sometimes described as 'popular'. Historical records of elite cultures in forms such as texts and monuments for instance, received larger patronage and symbolized the patterns of life of dominant groups. They were and are more readily available as heritage than the objects of the socially lower groups in society whose less durable cultural manifestations often do not survive. This also predisposed people to associate culture as essentially that of the elite.What is the central idea of the passage?
2.
Based on the information given below, answer the questions which follow. The data on select economic indicators for entire world comprising of 7 regions namely East Asia & Pacific, Europe & Central Asia, Latin America & Caribbean, Middle East & North Africa, North America, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa is presented in Table-1 for the year 2017. Further, Table-2 represents the economic indicators for select countries. GNI refers to Gross National Income (USD Billions). PPP refers to Purchasing Power Parity (USD Billions). POP refers to Population (Millions) and SA refers to Surface Area (Thousands sq. km) Table-1: Economic Indicators for Different Regions of World
Table-2: Economic Indicators for Select Countries
Arrange the countries in order of increasing population density (number of people per sq. kms).
6.
Based on the information given below, answer the questions which follow. The occupancy rate of a hotel is the share of available rooms that are occupied during a given time. Figure- I presents quarter wise average hotel occupancy in four regions (Asia-Pacific, America, Europe and Middle East & Africa) for the year 2016. Figure-2, shows the revenue of select hotel chains worldwide in 2016. Figure-1: Region Wise Average Hotel Occupancy RatesOccupancy rates
Regions $$\rightarrow$$Figure-2: Revenue of Select Hotel Chains Worldwide
Hotels$$\rightarrow$$Considering the total revenue of the hotel industry in 2016 as 495.17 billion USD. what is the percentage contribution of revenue of select hotel chains to hotel industry revenue?
7. For Hilton Worldwide, considering 70% average occupancy rate for 365 days of operations and average room rent of 350 USD per day, the total number of rooms available (in 000's) in Hilton Worldwide per day approximately are:
8. If the number of available rooms in each of the four regions (Asia-Pacific, America, Europe and Middle East & Africa) are in the ratio 1:2:5:4, the average occupancy rate for Quarter-1 are:
9. Assuming that there is no change in the number of available rooms in a given year in all four regions, the correct arrangement in the increasing order of average annual occupancy rates is :
10. For the year 2017, if the revenue in different segments is represented on a pie-chart, what sector angle would be represented by 'Global Business Services (GBS)'?
12. The profit booked by IBM in year 2012 is USD 49 billion. Considering equal percentage profit margins across all segments, then approximate profit made by 'Systems and Technology' in millions USD is
13. By how much is ratio of percentage of 'revenue from Global Business Services' to 'Total Revenue' lower than ratio of percentage of 'revenue from Cognitive Solutions' to 'Total Revenue' for the year 2016?
14.
Based on the information answer the questions which follow. The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) is an interactive benchmarking tool created by the World Bank to help countries identify the challenges and opportunities they face in their performance on trade logistics and what they can do to improve their performance. It is a measure of the country scores on six key indicators: Customs, Infrastructure, International Shipments, Logistics Competence, Tracking & Tracing and Timeliness. Table shows the LPI indicators (on the scale of 1 to 5) of select countries on these indicators. Figure below presents the perceived performance of these indicators (on the scale of 1 to 5) of India on these 6 indicators. Table: LPI Indicators of Select Countries in 2018
Figure: LPI Indicators for India
Considering Logistics Performance Index as the average of the scores obtained on the six parameters, the correct sequence of the countries in increasing order of LPI in the year 2018 is
15. Arrange the countries in ascending order on the basis of score obtained on (Timeliness) - (Logistics Competence)
16. In which year the difference between the score obtained on Timeliness between Germany and India is minimum considering the score obtained on Timeliness for Germany as 4.39, 4.45, 4.36, 4.32, 4.48 and 4.33 for 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012, 2010 and 2007 respectively?
17. The difference in performance of which indicator in 2018 as compared to that of 2007 is minimum for India?
18.
Based on the information answer the questions which follow. The data was collected for an industry in order to analyse the impact and importance of select parameters. The Figure represents performance of the industry on select parameters which arc Fixed Capital. Materials, Value added and Number of Factories from the year 2008-09 to 2015-16. Total inputs - (Output — Value added). Table represents select performance indicators which are Output, Number of Workers and Emoluments from the year 2008-09 to 2015-16. Figure: Industry Indicators from 2008-09 to 2015-16
Table: Industry Indicators from 2008-09 to to 2015-16
In which of the following year annual growth rate in emoluments per worker is highest?
21. For how many years annual percentage growth in fixed capital is greater than annual percentage growth in number of factories?
23.
Based on the information below, answer the questions which follow.Six friends Albert, Betty, Claire, Daisy, Evan and Fred who are working in different organisations, are looking for a switch in their jobs. They came across an advertisement in the newspaper regarding a job fair being organised in New Delhi. After enrolling for the fair, different days are allotted to each one of them from Monday to Saturday not necessarily in the same order, starting from Monday. They also had to arrange for their stay in different hotels to concentrate well while preparing for the upcoming interviews namely Taj, Hilton, Crowne Plaza, Radisson, Hyatt and Marriott. Additional information provided is as follows: i. Albert prefers to stay in Taj but not in Hilton. Albert does not work in Whirlpool and participates in the Job fair on Monday. The person who works in Whirlpool participates in the Job fair on Saturday.ii. Fred does not stay in Hyatt but works in Himalaya. iii. Betty and Daisy participate in the Job fair on consecutive days. iv. Claire participates in the Job fair on the day before the person staying in Crowne Plaza but on the next day of Pepsi employee. v. The person working with Oppo participates in the Job fair on Friday and does not stay in I {ikon.vi. Claire who is working with Nestle participates in the Job fair at a gap of one day prior to Evan.vii. Daisy stays in Marriott and attends the conference on the last day of the week. viii. The person working with Apple stays in Radisson.Which of the following friend is working with Apple?
25. If the current salary packages of the friends working in Whirlpool, Nestle, Himalaya, Pepsi, Oppo and Apple are 20, 30. 40; 50, 60 and 70 Iakhs per annum in the same order, then at the time of participating in job fair find the average annual package of Albert, Betty and Fred?
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